Oil-engine.



UNrriin efr-rires rafrnnzr ernten.,

ALnssANnno FRANCHETTL. 0F NNW noorinminfnnw YonK, .AsseNon No DE LAVnnGNn MACHINE COMPANY, 0F NEW Yoan, N. A CORPORATION or NEW YORK,

remesa.

specification of Letters Patent.

lf'at'ented 'eine'. $231913 Application filed June 24. 1910. Serial No.568,654.

le. itl ltnowii that l, hassan-nuo FRAN ('nic'r'ri. a suhjectof theKino` of ltalv. and a resident ot A\cw llochelle. in ine-county otll'ostrhescr and State ot' Xew York, have invented certain new andusefuldniprorcin;r is a t'ull` true. and concise.siiecitication` Thisintention is an internal-conihustion,.

oil engine. heilig an improvement. .in that j fcucral type ot' enginesin which a 'liquid tucl is inici-nid into a. hody ol1 previouslyYconnu-esseri lrrsh air routiucll in .1 conduistion'sinn-v oi' vhaiuhoratherrin the expansion. liu` lo the coniliustion. imparts xiiotion tothey cugino piston. ltsl object is increased cllicicncy in the processoie converting fuel energy into useful work. and'siu'h object is"obtained h r the arrangementa-nd conihination ot' the engine parts"hi-iieinaiter de-I scribed and pointed out 4iu the claims, andmoreparticularly hy the. shapcand disposition ot the coiuhustionchaiuher. and the relation to such chaniher, and theI copejationtherewith. ot' its several valves and igniter and the means and nietliodet' injecting the tur-.1, whereby the conihustion aused to tatie placeprogressively it'roni one end of the chainher to the other, withsuperior pressure etl'ert. as will he later described. l

"he invention further inroli'cs improveiuentin the tacilitiY forregulation and automatic control. anenlargeinent ot' the rangeoif`grades ot' ueloil which can be satisfactorily used, the capacity iormanufacture at relatively low cost and weight per horse powerdelivered,'and also the adaptability ot vconstruction, withoutdiniinishinent lot" the eiiiciency ratio, to engines of extremely largesizes, .all ofwhich will be plain to those skilled. in this art from thefollowing desrriptioin'and the drawings forming a part thereof.

The invention still further includes cer,-l t'ain featuresotA structuralformation, appearing inthe specific engine .taken for illus- -trationand shown in the said drawings and which areliltewise included in theclaims,

though ity will he understood by those skilled in this art that 'theinvention nia-)the einhodied in engines wideljyv (littering in theirmechanical design. I

Figure l represents a plan View of a horiz.

mittal/engine. embodying my iniention and constructed to Voperate on a`t'onPstroke d,

- ont case, certi al.

cycle; Fig'. Q is a `vertical longitudinal section of the saine engine;Fig. 3 is an .ene elevation, with a portion ot the cylinder head brokenoutand the interior shown in vertical section on the plane ot thevalvestenisg' Fig. e is an elevation, Vin enlarged scale, of the Valvelgearing and the oil puinp with 'the cam shaftin .transverse section online lll 'IV of Fig. l; is a sidc'clei'ation of the saine parts; Fig. Gis 'au enlarged longitudinal section ot the fuel injecting mechanism;Figi 7' a i-'ross-section ot the tucl'w'alic rhauilier thereo'l throughthe supply ducts: and Fig'. S is a detail ot'ho fuel suhdividing`device.

Flhe engine .coi-n'pi'ises the usual waterc'ooled cylinder l and pistou2, connected iii the usual inanner with the crank shaft 3 andtlylwheel,all or which parts are carried on a suitahlev hase, as willhe wellunderstood.' The air and exhaust i'alve, and the -t`uel valve andifinition nieans are :ill contained in the c Vliiuler-head ot` theengine .a nd are relatively a rranged therein in radial vpositions andin the saine plane, which plane is preferably transverse to thelongitudinal axis ot' the engine, and, in the pres- The space betweenthese several parts provides the ,eoniiiiession and combustion clianiherof the engine, being-'i comuninieation with the cylinder proper througha short and relatively narrow passage t which opens laterally from thecham- .her as .shown in Fig". L) with its walls diverging toward thecylinder and meeting` the circular end of the jaclieted wall thereof.-.The face of the working -piston is forwardly tapered, corresponding tothe divergence of Vthe passage or opening; Ll, and is adapted tooccupi'v and substantially lill the Whole of said space when in its.forward dead center position. so that practically all the contentsdesirable feature of the preferred embodiment of this inventiondt is notessential to the product-ion of the chamber shape just referred to.v v lThe air intake passage 5 and its air valve 6 occupy the upper portion ofthe cylinderhead, the said passage and the valve chamberthereof beingvwater-cooled as shown, and the exhaust passage 7 and'exhaust valve 8occupy. the lower portion of the cylinder-head, being also similarlywater-cooled. Both of these valves are desirably puppet valves withtheir flat. heads disposedsin opposition. to each other on oppositesides of the major axis lof the chamber, and also preferably on oppositesides of the ais of thefopening 4, so that they form symmetricallylocated and further portions of the boundary. wall of the combustionchamber.` Directly 'opposite the passage 4, the cylinder-head isequipped with a starting valve 60 of ordinary and bbvious construction,which is supplied with pressure through a pipe- 61 and operated by. ahandleZ, whereby the pressure medium can be admitted into the-interiorof the' cylinder for-starting the engine from a state of rest. It ,willbe observed that the end 2a of,

the piston and the foregoing valves, being thus located at `or aroundthe junction of the axis of'the piston and the major axis of thecombustion chamber determine the crosssection ofthe combustion chamberat this. point, forming. an'v intermediate portion of the said chamber.

4o I generally by thenumeral 9, is' liicated` at one endl ofthecombustion chamber, as shown in- Fig. 3. Its principal function is toinject The fuel injecting mechanism,designated the fuelinto the chamber,forcibly and in a state of extremely. ne subdivision vor 'atoinifgAzation and preferably mixed withffair, as later explained. It is solocated that the blast of atomized fuel particles issuingfrom itsnozzle, is projected, centrally thrughthe length of the chamber andthrough/the in tervalvular junction spacev just referred to. Theboundary walls of the combustionchambep diverge from the nozzle end ofthe fuel va ve the junction space and continue, bevond this space,meeting-the unjacketed Wall 10,.`formed by a bulbous extension removablysecured to the cylinder-head as "shown in Fig. 3, forming an end closureto the chamber in direct opposition tothe fuel divergingly,

valve nozzle. The shape of the combustion"l chamber is su` tantiallysymmetrical withl the air-intake valve (3.

ntil they meetthe cross-section ofv whichissues from the fuel `valve,thereby making every part thereof directly ,padcessiblev to theparticles of the blast, 'so tha'f'the whole of the charge of compressedair thtrein will bev penetrated by and thoroughly permeated, with thefinely atomized fuel particles. The

shape of the chamber thus'resembles that ofl Aa somewhat elongatedpear,'with the fuel admission nozzle at, and constituting theA smallerend, and the opposite unjacketed wall 10 'constituting the fundusthereof at the other. In operatiom'this unjacketed end wall is kept hotby the combustion taking place inside the chamber, as will be wellVunderstood, and thus forms a hot-surface igniter, the area of which issuiicient to receive the entire impingement of the blast, while theportions of the boundary wall of the chamber intermediate of the igniterand the fuel valve are maintained at a' lower temperature, less than theignition of thev fuel, by virtue of the surrounding water jacket and thecontinual contact which these parts have with fresh air coming inthrough The unjacketed wall or bulb 10 may be formed with a smoothinterior surface, as shown, or it may be ribbed or corrugated toincrease its rface area and it .will be understood that itrequiresv to'be initiallyheated on starting the engine after a period of rest.

Withthe proportions'of the combustion chamber thus .made to conform tothe shape of the fuel blast, its general dimensions are selectedwithreference to the stroke-volume of the working piston to produce acompression. pressure of the air charge therein l of about 300 lbs'. persq. in., but susceptible ofvariation in either direction as desired,

4the compression being in any'event lower 'than `will produce atemperature of the air charge equal to the ignition temperature of thevfuel and likewise considerably` higher than thatwhich is used in enginesof the typewhereinxthe mixture of the fuel and air is first made, thencompressed and sub.

sequently positively ignited by flame or spark, such, for'instance, vasthe ordinary gasolene engine; 'it isa prominent charac. teristic of thepresent invention that the compression pressure employed isintermedi-ate between this well known type of env.

gine and the high pressure type wherein the 'compression-temperatureserves to ignite the fuel. The permlssible range of compressions may bestated to be from 150 to 450 lbs. per sq. in., being preferably abcutBOOlbs., as above given.

By removing the igniter bulb and substituting others ofV different sizesor shapes, the compression pressure may be varied tosuch extent withinthe lim-its stated,

as may be deemed advisable.

' The introduction of the fuel in the form` of a forcible blast or sprayof lin-ely divided or -atomized fuel particles which ocupies ricci or1introclnctioii substantially the whole cross-section ot' the chamber;vas above explained. results iii two separate eli'ects or stages in theworkingr process ot the engine. The or' these is the rapid and almostinstzntaneous preparation of a mixture of the Jfuel with the charge-otcompressed fresh air conlinetl in l the chamber, and is produced by thecomminglingtherewith of the liner particles ot' thel atonized blastwhich have not sufficient momentum to overcome the resistanceencountered in their lengthwise traverse through the oblong bod;Y otcompressed air, These particles consequently' become caught and remainsuspended therein, forming-an eiiective combustible mixture. The otherand immediately succeeding` eitect is the actual ignition or' thismixture, which taires place only when the largervpaitieles, by reason ortheir superior momentum. have reached and imping'ecl upon the hotignitei` plate at the end ot the chamber and become ignited by theircontacttherewitli, intlaming the mixture. ignition ot each tuel chargeis thus eonipelled to talte place subseiiuenti)Y to the formation iiiwhole or in part, of the combustible mixture and the combustion ot thel'attei` starts at the igniting'encl of the chamber and progressesbackward toward the fuel valve. in '/the reverse direction to the .entryof the/fuel blast, expanding the meantime anti imparting motion, to theplston. as will be ".'vell understood. it may be explained that thepressure effect 'thus pro-,

duced closely resembles that-oi1 engines of the ordinari'7 gas-enginetype wherein' the combustible mixture matic first, then compressed, antithen positively ignited, and the resulting' pressure diagram thecharacteristic and etticient diagram of that ltype or" engine,notwithstanding that the fuel is introduced when the compression ot airyhas been practicalli7 completed :inni that it may consist the heaviestgrade oit' fuel oils which would he Aquite impossible to be used in theordinary gasolene engine. The inode ct mixture formation and ignitionprovides unitormli7 etiicient combustion of-hesvy oil at low ompressionwhich permits the engine to be made or light, construction compared withhigh compr ion engines employed for .similar grades or i ne introductionot fuel taires place after 'he 'on stroke has been completed and at tthe compression lenti-center of the working; piston, being' preferablyso timed as to take niece, in Whole or in part, somewhat pri the dest1enter point, the peiej in event iti as consistent hl tne mechas-riiction of the parte which mote The tuel injecting mechnn'.-onipi'essed air for atomiziing l oil, and nroiecting ne rst,

Ill@

Velocity into the combustion eliaiiiliei. 'l `.hc air Vtoi' this purposeis supplied through a pipe ll (his. Il) leading' iioui the airconipressor l2 and the oil through a pipe 13 troni an oil puiiip ll (seelig. and it will lie understood that the pressure on both iheoil and airis in excessol the compression pressure ot the engine so that :iforcible 't'uel blast. as above explained. will be pro duced. rl`he airand oil troni their respective pipes il and 13 enter the main casing. lo the i'uel iniertion iuerhai'iisni through the two ducts ther-einmarked lo and shown in Figs. and i'. rThis casing constitutes the valverhaniliei' ot the tuel vali'e. and provides the space iu which the airand oil are subdivided and coiuiuingled preparatory to admission lo thecombustion chamber. lt is seated in a recess or lateral opening oi theunter-jacketed Yall of the cylinder head. with its discharge nozzleentering' the smaller end ot the combustion chamber and lying eoaxiall)rwith the iuaior axis tlieri :it a point which is thusI iuosl i'eiuotet'i'oiu the iruiliiigi' surface ll). While the uozzh` ot the raisin;lmay be torined iu one piece. llieriL with. it is shown as made in thetorni of a removable nipple 17. one end of which forms the valve seat'for the. valve plunjlS, the lat ter being the fuel Valve and being'normall) held upon its seat on the nipple by the pressure exerted by itsseating spring'. The

'conm'iunication between the valve chamber and the combustion chamber isthus maintained closed' except o* such time as the. fuel blast is bein@admittedL to the combustion chamber. ihe valve plug 18 is surrounded bya sleeve or barrel within the Valve chamber in which it has a sliding`tit and which constitutes a means tor mechanicall't7 breaking` up and,subdividing the fuel charge. l The exterior 'of this barrel is formedwith a series ot' enlargements or collars 19a itting the ini terior'ofvthe casing 15 rather'snugly and su pericially scored with numerous tineintersecting `grooves resembling nurling, as shown'more clearly in Fig.S.

The, oil and air under the high pressure impartedby their, respectivecompressor mechanisms 'enter Vfrom the pipes ll and lf3 respectivelj'yAinto the annular space between the outersurface ott-he barrel or mixingdcvice i9 and the inner surface of the valve casing i5 land -When thefuel Vvalve, 1S is opened by 'removal from its Contact with the nozzle17, the oil and air are compelled to 'pass through the tine intersectinggrooves on the faces of the collars 19a; in so passing 'oil becomesthoroughly broken -up into subdivided particles and thoroughly intercommingled and atomized with the air, this mixing operation taking placeoutside of the .combustion chamber of the engine and in aclvance or' theentrance ofthe fuel thereto. ustdiire and homogeneous blast of oil 'Yfect.

' at the end of the latter,

1n tandem relation, and provided With comparticlesis thus produced,Which is particularly Well yadapted for the instantaneous for,-v

mation of combustible mixture in the combustion chamber, in theniannerabove explained, though other means for producing such blastmight be provided with equal ef- The principle above explained issubstantially the same as described in my Patent No. 857,566, dated June18, 1907. The stem of the fuel valve 18 extends to the exterior of thevalve chamber, through the gland 2O Where it is supplied With itsseating spring 21 and its operating connections. The extreme end of thestem is threaded and carries an adjustable abutment in the form of thenut and lock-nut 22, the formerof Which'is adapted to be engaged by asleeve 23, subject to operation by the short actuation lever 24, so thatthe appropriate movement of the latter Will Withdraw the'valve plug fromits seat against the pressure of the spring and open the communicationbetween the valve chamber and the combustion chamber. The several partsof the fuel injecting mechanism are carried by the exterior casing 15awhich is placed over the end of'- the casing 15 of the valve chamber and`is then bolted by the bolts shown, to the cylinder head, clampingthesaid casing firmly in its seat in the latter.

The compressor 12 for the atomizing air is located at one `side of theengine cylinder, being secured to the cylinder casting as shown in Fig.1, and operated by a connecting rod 25 from an eccentric on the cranL-shaft 3. The atomizing air is desirably compressed in two stages to thepressure desired, and the two-stage apparatus shown, coniprises tWoWater-jacketed compressing cylinders 26 and 27 formed in a singlecasting pressing plungers correspondingly arranged Y' and connected tothe eccentric rod 25. Air

Aai',

admitted through the intake pipe28 to the larger and low compressioncylinder 26 is Acompressed through pipe 29 inton the low pressurestorage tank 30. From this tank it is admitted, through pipe 31, intoAthe high compression cylinder. 27, wherein it is further compnessedthrough suitable valves and an air dome 32, into the fuel-air pipe 1labove referred to. The oil pump 14 is located on the opposite side ofthe engine, be-

lng carried on the extension bracket 83, 34; secured to the side ofthecylinder head for supporting the overnor 35 and the journal seat ofcam sha t 36.' Oil is supplied to the vpump through the feed-pipe i37and forced through the Vo'il pipe 13 into the chamber of the fuel valveagainst the pressure of the atomizing air therein, the amount of oildelivered being regulated in any suitable way` as forvinstanceby'varying the length of stroke-of the pumping plunger under thecontrol of the engine governor, so thata prebracket 34, being the fuelcontrolling cam.

transmission bearing39, by a cam-lever- 40 which is oscillated by a cam41 on the eX? treme forward end of the cam shaft 36. The operated arm ofthe bell crank and the free arm of the cam lever 40 extend in oppositeVdirections from their respective fulcra,v and toward each other, asshown in'Fig. '3, so that they mutually overlap for aconsiderableportion of the length of each. The transmission bearing 39 is inthe'form of a roller carried on a yoke 42, and is interposed between thetwo levers so as to transmit the motion of the cam lever to thebell-.3`5- crank and thence to the plunger. The yokefi. is pivotallysuspended by an adjustable rod 43 from the end of the governor lever44,' so that the positionV of the bearing roller will vbe varied by.change 'in speed of the A90 governor, and will thereby vary the active'lengths of the tWo levers and produce a .l longer or shorter pumpingstroke, as mayv happen to be required. Under normal load the bearingwill occupy an intermediate position and the stroke of the plunger Will-force a suitable normal charge into the valve chamber. Variation in theload and the, Y resulting change in speed of the governor will produce aVcorresponding shifting of 10g the transmission bearing, relatively tothe' .v levers, and corresponding adjustment of the measured charge ofoil. TheV go`vernor. 2.5%

35 is driven from the" cam shaft 36, and the latter is driven -from'the'crank shaft, -the driving gearing in each case being inclos'ed nWithin gear casings which conceal them "l qfrom view in the drawings.vThe casing of the governor gears is marked 15 and 1s applied to the endof the bracket support 34 within which the gears and governor .spindleare journaled, as will be Welll understood by engine builders. v

Referring. now to the gearing by Which'v the several valves 0f theengine are actuated, a separate operating cam is smnplied'A for`1 v eachvalve, all vofthem being mounted Side... by side and at one end o f-'thecamshaft 3 with their respective connections suitably. offset so as tobe made effective in thejsa'ln 129 transverse plane as the planeof thevalves.;4 The first of these valve-'controlling 'camsi'i locatedimmediately in thefrearj of th and marked 50 (Figs. aand 5).V This camengages a bell crank, lever 51 pivoted to the -rear face of the bracketStand-.connected by a link 52 (Figs. l and 6)- With the'sh'ort actuatinglever 24 of the fuel valve, which ha been described above. Thecontour ofth 'necting rod 5).

fuel cam produces a positive oscillation of these valve-actuatine`connections, giving a.

quick openinv and closing' ot the fuel Valve 18. The ,cond cam, .53,next in, line on the cam shatt 3o, operates theexhaust valve 8 throughits cam-lever 54, which is pivote'd at on a suitable dependingportion ofthe side bracket 3J; and engages the lovver side of the Cain, With itsother end directly engaged with the IdoWnivardly extending andsi'n'iiur-pressed stem' ofv the exhaust v t1. The third cam.I 5G,actuales, on

sido a bell crank lever 57 -tulits lower cruined on a stud .5S andiointed to a con- The arms of said rocking lever arcoiiiset so that therod 59 may occupy the saine plane the several valves, andon thisqfceonntthe said rod is branched or split ivlrere it passes the fuel injectingmechanism 9 so as to accommodate that valve without interference withits operating connections above described. The, upper extremity of theconnecting` rod 59 is connected to a rocking lever 59 directly engagingthe stem of the air intake valve "fhisvalve and also the exhaust` andfuel valves, are supplied with closing or seatingV springs sutlicientlypowerful to maintain their respective cam levers in working Icontactwith their corresponding' cams.

n starting4 the engine from a State ot rest`r the iloiter Wall. havingrbeen first heated, a charge or" fuel oil is introduced by hand into thevalve chamber of the fuel valve, for which purpose the bell crank 3S,above described. is supplied with a hand lever 63 by means of which itcan he manually operated. Compressed air is thereupon admitted to thecombustion space through the starting Valve (30 and the fuel injected toproduce a lirst explosion. ing; operation-` a charge of fresh air isdraivn in through. the air valve, (S. mechanically opened lor thepurpose, and is compressed in the combustion chamber. About the deadGente" point or preferably somt what. in advance thereof-r the fuelvalve is opened and the pulverized blast ot oil and air shoots throughthe chamber, tirst prodarin;h the combustible mixture as above explainedand subsequently the ignition followed by the combustion andexpansion.Iagainst the piston, imparting' to the latter its workingstroke. Duringthe returnv stroke, the piston scavenges the cylinder of the products ofcombustion, forcing` them` out through th'e eXhaustvalve S, opened bythe exhaust cani 53, and on the succeeding suction stroke a fresh chargeol" air is talvcn in through the air valve t5 and compressed as betere,and so 0in as will be wellA understood.

lt will he observed by those skilled in this' art that the manner ofinjectingthe fuel and mixingY the saine with the con'ipressed ln theSucceedair-and iunitinn` the mixturt` as lumen. diXM scribed. isindependentot the cvrlw luder 'which the entrino is constructed or run.and it vvill he understood that while a .tourcyrle engine has been-herein shown and dcscribed.A as illustrativo ot they principle ot,

invention is not limited thereto` and that numerous changes andalterations liu. the desijljn and' construction' of the engine. andiirtlie mode ot compressing' or introducing|l tht` air and injecting andcontrolling the VFuel oil and also in theaiIA rangement oli'airv ot' theoperating means. may be made within the scope ot the append'- r,edclaims and without departurer troni theinvolition. lt will also beunderstood that the air valve t3 mav be of the Iiit-valvet'vpc andoperated by the pressure oi the airg instead oi b v means ot' mechanicaldevices for that purpose. and that various other n'ioditieations can bemade within the invention.

l. n oil .engine olt the class described comprising; a pistonv andcylinder and a combustion cl'lamber, said chamber beine' relativelylone" and ot greater cross-sectional area at one endv that at theother.y its terminalwvall at the larger end beine' adapted to be kept atan ignitionr temperature b v the heat ot' combustion. means l'ortilting' the chamber will a charge ol con'ipressed 'trg-sh air, atiiel-inita'tinn valve arranged to project a t'uel blast through .thelrunlib ol' such chanibel to be ignited lrvjcontful .vith the terminalwall and means ior operating sat-h valve when the chamber is lilledivilh the compressed air,

2. An oil engine oi'f the 4class described, comprising' a cylinderharina a combustionchamber of zg'reater length than ln'eadth theinvention. the

and means 'foi-*filling said. chamber with a all said terminal wall andprogress tovvard` the fuel valve.

f5. An oil engine having a combustion chamber ol greater length thanbreadth and a piston adapted to compress a charge ot compressed freshair therein, a hot-surface igniter Jforming' the boundary ivall of saidchamber at one end thereotyand a 'fuel valve nozzle disposed in saidchamber at. a point, therein most remote from said surface ig'- niter7in combination With means for atomizing liquid fuel with air and forcingvsuch atomized fuel through said nozzle and thev compressed fresh aircharge= and against said igniting surface.

4. An oil engine ofthe class described having a working cylinder and acombustion chamber longer than it isbroad or wide, symmetricallydisposed -about its inajor axis and of larger cross-section at one saidchamber and against said surface igv niter, means for' introducing freshair to said chamber and a working piston for holding the same thereinunder pressure and subject to penetration by said blast. Y 5. VAn oilengine having Va combustion chamber lgnger tha-nit is broad or wide andprovidedv with a fuel nozzle at one endand means for igniting the fuelat the other, and with air-intake and exhaust -valves in, termediate ofsaid parts, in cpmbination with the engine piston operating to confine`a charge of compressed fresh iair. in said chamber and means forprojecting a finely divided fuel blast and through the compressed chargeof `air in said chamber. .1 6. In an oil engine, a cylinder and a com@bustion chamber of greater length than breadth adapted to contain-acharge of com pressed fresh air and provided withasurface igniterforming theterminal wall at "one end, a fuel 'blast device at theopposite end, in combination with air and exhaust valves forming..portions of lthe lateral eted and constituting boundary wallofsaidchamber between -said parts, a passage between said4 parts convfleeting with the cylinder, and ,a piston in .the latter adapted toclose said passage and forma further portion of the boundary of saidchamber.

`.7. An oil enginehaving 'a combustion chamber longer than it is broador wide and of greater cross-section at' one end than at the other andprovided with a valved air entrance in its wall and a piston for takingair intoA the chamber through said entrance and adapted forcompressingsuch air theree less than the ignition;

in to a temperatui temperature ofthle' fuel, the wall of the!- saidchamber at its'larger end being unj ack?. an ignitng surface, incombiniition .withra fuel injector at the smaller endofthej'combustionchamber and- "ftined to operate said injector to proflilastliffat'oinized fuell oil` through pressed air charge and againstthe di .iter-"surface engine of the class' dehribed.-

and air through with v such passage during the outward from said ,nozzleinto,

tion chamber with admission v arranged to compress a charge of'air in dto compress a. charge viieriandzfuel atomizng mechanism and having meansfor projecting the fuel oil in a blast of finely divided dust-likeparticles and a combination chamber conforming to the shape of saidblast and having an unjacketed 'wall to receive the impingementthereofecentrally"VY disposed with r'espect to the axis of the blast, incombination with the working piston and a suitable air-'inlet port'arranged for filling said chamber withl a` charge of compressed freshair and means for timing the fuel-oil blast so that it will penetratethe entire body of said charge and impinge upon the said unjacketedwall.

An oil engine of the class described provided with a combustion chamberand means for admitting fresh air thereto and having its piston relatedthereto to coinpress the same therein, a portion of the wall of'saidchamber being unjacketed and constituting Va surface igniter, incombination means comprising a casing for mixing fuel-oil and air andhaving a passage coinmunicating between the casing and theV chamber at'apoint in the latter o posite the said unj'acketed wall, a fuel valveclosing stroke and the greater part of the compression stroke of thepiston and means for valve at or about sion stroke.

l0. An oil engine comprising a combusa 'portion of the wall thereofunjacketed and provided with an air passage and a working piston openingsaid the end of the compressaid chamber, injecting communicating withsaid chamber at a point therein which is most remote from saidYunjacketedl wall, a valve normally closing t-lie communication betweenthe chamber and said mechanism, means for supplying liquid fuel andatomizing air to said casing and means for opening said valve" at orabout in combination with a fuel compression dead center.

11. An oil engine having a combustion chamber of greater crosssectioiialarea at one'end than at the other and provided with means for allowingfreshmair to pass 'into said chamber andhaving an unjacketed wall at oneend therof and fuel atoniizing meclb anism at the other, and a pistonoperatin of fresh air into sai hmberyinfconibination with avalve-contrblledcommuncation between said chammeans for opening thevalve thereof to inject the fuel through the'charge of compressed air insaid chamber and against the opposite unjacketed wall thereof.V

12. An chamber longer than it is mechanism comprising a. casing oilengine' having a combustion yvid'e'and having Q CII pression 'siroke ofthe pis-inn.

' ineuns for delivering' oil and air to the cas- 'sion pressure iii thechainl'ier, and means of its ivall iinjaclzeted and providingil a hol.surf-ace.igniler. fuel injecting; ineehanisin ,sure in said ehai'nber.ineans'l'or delivering posed about ilslong'iludinal axis Jthei'eb)7ipe/0,333

iig pislon for coniningf a compressed airV charge in said chamber` incombination with Juel injeeiinfg mechanism al; the opposite. end ol saidchamberemnprising a easing and a fuel valve confrolling thecommunieaiion between said chamber and easing' ing`h al1 a pressure inexcess of the compresiicr opening'said fuel valve during theeoinpression stroke of J(he piston.

'13. ln an oilengine, a cylinder and pisloiradaptedlo compress a Chai-2eof fresh ai' and provided with a combustion ehainber for confining' suchair having a porlinn for .said chamber Comprising' a easing` havingeoininnniealion ivil'li a source oi an' pressure higher lhanihecompression pres inlo said easing aeharge of liquid fuel and a fuel andair niixine `device in said easing'. in eoinbiimlion' ii'iih a valvechasing the ecnnnninieaii'nn between said casingI andihe eoinbnsiinnChamber and ineans for opening' said valve al' or about l'he'end of heconi- Vl-l. ln an oil engine, l-he combination Of. the pislon andcylinder iherenf arranged lo reeeiie and eunipress Aa charge of freshair and provided ivilh a cninbnstion elianiberoi eonllning saidkfoinpi-'essed charge of greater lenelh ilian-breadih and symmetricallydisailapling-every. parl. of said eliainber l0 dii'eellv reached b v ablasl issuingi'ioin a point al one end thereof. said' ehanibenhav-.'ing' ilsI wall. opposile said blasl. nii'iael-Ieled in;r inerlianisinallaplell lo iirolieel an aiolnf ized .spi-a); o'l: 'l'nel nil inln saideliainbeij :ind l eoinpiising' a easing in norinal eonnnniiiea- Linnivii'li a source ol' air o'li'liis'hei' pressure. lhan l'lie air in saideliainber. nieans Jf orV leA liverine' fuelV lnio .said'iwis'iiig'` avalve. closn in j ilie eoinini-iniealinn beliveen said easing; andcombustion eliziniber and means lor opening said valve al or .aboul llieCoinpressler-l lead eenlei'. y Y

l5. ln -i nil en r'ine. a pislnn and e \'lin ller :irra ln eniiipress aeliai'g'e'of fresh air and provided nilli :l eoinhnsiion eliain-A bei'Vl'or eonlininigj such eoinpressed Charge., and oppusell 'air inlale andexhaiisl valves` dispnsed respeelivelv on opposil'esilles of saideoinlinsiinn ehanililj. in erniillinalion will: Vluel blast producingvmechanism opei'aiive lo in'ieei' a spin)- ol; i'iiielv-dividell` lnelinlo said eonipressed charge and lielii'een said opposed valves-saidelia'nilier l1.i'\fin`;A the iliorlion oi ilsl nall npposile iill 'lnelmechanism .i-iiiaclieled and eensliliiiing a surface ignlier for saidlne/l.` l l 113. ln an oil engine, a pistnn and cylin-- der arranged lo'Compress-a charge of fresh air to a pressure less than lhe ,ignitiontemperalure of the fuel and having a c0n'ibus-A lion chambersubstantially conforming i0v the shape of l'he fuel blast'. iheend Wallthereol" being uniaelaeled. in conibinatien with epposed' air inl'aleand exhaust valves respectively dispcsed on. Opposite sides of themiddle part of said chamber, -a :fuel injeeling device -loealed' at thesmaller end oi said chamber and operative to direct fuel in atoi-nizedeondiio'n between said valves and against the, end wall, a valve-eoni'rolling' lihe communication between said injeel'ing' device andthe combusion cham- 'beraud ineans for opening ih'esanie.

blast i'hreugli J[he space berween said Valves. 4

'18. ln anoil engine ai: the class described, die combination willi theworking cylinder and a. eonibusiion chamber cuinn'iunicalingv therewith.having greater length vthan breadlh. (if opposed air intake andexhaustvalves forming portions of the ivallef said elianilierl onepjpos-ile sides of the junction thereof ivilh the cylinder and meansfor projecting a fuel blast beifiveen Jthe said Op? pesed valves.

lll. ln anl nil engine of the class described:

the eoinbin-aimi nilli a eonil'nislion Chamber ol greahsr lengll-i lianbrear thfvand having' larger eioss-seel'ional size al one end' lhar al'the pilier. of inlalie and exhausly valves' 'le-rining parlions oi lli'eboiindal)7 iva-ll nl said eliainber lielneen larger and smaller endsA anienii'ine' surlaee al the 'larger eialfaiiil means' VnrdiieeiingA aiiiel llasl aejainsl saicl leuning surface.

il). An oil engine havingT a portion of the eniilbnslien eliauxbei'ivall there'olI iinj:i 'l et ed. 'luel in ieeiina nieehanisni opposedlo.

aiiil ivall and snilahle valves for admitting -air and venting'llieexliansl., all disposed in a plane lrans'verse 'lo lho working'pislon ain having a siax-line' valve entering "lhe head of' theeiigine'aian angle le said transrerse plane.

- ill. ln. an oil engine, a cylinder and a cyliinler-head.having' atransversely disposed eoiabus n 4eliainber proiided iifith fuelinjecting nieehanisn'i and valves for admilin'g aii and .ventingtlicexhaust with their several axes nadia-ily arranged with. respect losaid chamber5 in combination 'With-an uniacl-:eied inn-lian or said cilinder-headiorniing the. wall of said chamber opposite thel sa iduel-iniccling mechanism.

, .8 l 1,070 ses vv2,2. In an oil engine, a. cylinder and acyllinder-head having a transversely disposed ,fuel injecting nozzle andan unjacketed portion of saidhead arranged in opposition hereto, incombination with air intake and exhaust valves* in said head disposed oner side of the discharge from said fuel uozz'ldandfbetween the saidnozzle and said jacketedportion. 23.- Inan oil engine having` its airintake d exhaust valves disposed in opposition to ach-other and operablein a vertical direoadmit air to the 'combustion space V-to exhaust thecombustion products om, the-combination with a horizony4 disposed fuelnozzle, a fuel valve norly closing the same, means for supply- 4fing"air andseil thereto under pressure, and unjacketed portion of theenginev Wall disin .oppgsition to' and Areceiving the impingement of thespray injectedthereby 'andfmeans for opening said valve at orlaboutcompression dead center; I 24.111 an oil engine, a cylinder havinga passageway of less diameter leading therefrom.v and-a piston in saidcylinder having ""3 tslforward end reduced in diameter to correspondtherewith and adapted to compress all the air 4in said cylinder into andthrough y'qaid passage, a ,transversely arranged combastion chamber otgreater length than breadth, arranged to receive and conine s uehcompressed air and provided with ep- -fposed surface igniter andfuel-blast produc- A ino* device, and air intake and exhaust .valves,forming portions ot' the wall of said hchamloer intermediate of saidigniter` and Vfuel blast device. '';225.In an internal combustion oilengine, {Othe cylinderhaving an open passage atI its y vyforward end andprovided with a combustion chamberA inv communication .with saidpassage, air intake and exhaust valves tor l said chamher'respectivelydisposed on opposite g sides of the axis of said passage, a fuel lastdevicefdisposed transverselyjo' said Viris `and an njacketed Wall ofsaid-chamber Iposed, opposite to said inject-or, in combitionyvith' apiston cooperating with the 1&0,ifa'foiesaidgparts to compress a chargeot .nesses fresh air in said chamber and i'neans for operating saidfuely blast device during the compression of said charge. Y

Q6. In an oil engine of the class described,

the combination With the .cylinder of a cylf opposite said fuel valve.

27. The combination in an oil engine ot the class described, of acylinder and cylinder head containing a combustion chamber with anunjacketed Wally and provided with a passage leading from the chamber tothe cylinder with diverging Walls which meet the circular end'of thecylinder, a tapered piston conforming to and adapted to till the spacewithin said diverging Walls, air and exhaust valves and a fuel valve inthe cylinder benul communicating With said combustion chamber and meansfor operating said fuel valve at or about compression dead center.

' 28. In an internal combustion oil engine, the combination with acombustion chamber of greater length than breadth disposed Wit-h itsmajor axis transverse to the axis of the engine,` cylinder and having 'arelatively small cross-sectional area at one end, and

means for establishing a body of compressed" fresh air therein, of afuel injection valve communicating Witht-he small end of the chamber todischarge an atomized spray of oil and air thereinto, and an unjaclretedportion of the chamber Wall lforming the closure,

to the opposite and larger end of said combustion chamber. if

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification in the presenceof two Wit- ALESSANDRO FRANCHETTI.

vWitnesses:`

AIinan-nnio1iJ. BYRNE,

HERBERT R. LUoKE.

